In this case the bulk density and the angle of internal friction of material are at maximum values. On the contrary, when the grain is filled at such a slow rate which provides every possibility of compaction, the greatest forces are obtained for the vertical pressure.
When the material is filled very rapidly without any compaction other than the compaction produced in the operation, the greatest forces are obtained for the lateral thurst while the apparent density and the angle of internal friction of the material are at minimum values. The speed of filling of granular material affects the stress development on silo. The silos walls are subjected to two main forces or thursts, (1) the horizontal thurst due to loading of material which tries to open up the silo and (2) the vertical pressure which is generated due to loading of material on the walls. The walls of the silos have to design by considering self weight and loads of the grain during construction. The agricultural granular product like cereals which are mostly stored in silo, For the design of silos the knowledge of characteristics of grain like bulk density, internal angle of friction, coefficient of friction on the walls is needed.
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